Over-expression of Gastrodia anti-fungal protein enhances Verticillium wilt resistance in coloured cotton

Currently there are no adequate control measures for the cotton fungal diseases Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt, which are important factors limiting yield under certain conditions. In this study the gene encoding a Gastrodia anti‐fungal protein was introduced into three cultivars of coloured cotton using the method of pollen‐tube pathway transformation, with the purpose of obtaining transgenic plants with improved resistance to wilt. Of the 121 herbicide‐resistant cotton plants two, LB‐5‐8 and ZB‐1‐49, were scored as transgenic based on Southern blot, RT‐PCR analysis and in vitro anti‐fungal activity assay. Field analysis demonstrated that the transgenic lines LB‐5‐8 and ZB‐1‐49 possess an increased resistance to wilt. After 2 years of breeding, the progeny of LB‐5‐8 and ZB‐1‐49 lines still showed a stable and strong resistance to Verticillium wilt. Lines with high levels of resistance to Verticillium wilt obtained from the present study may be widely planted and help to reduce the future impact of cotton wilt on cotton production resulting in increased yields.     

植物吸收转运硝态氮及其信号调控研究进展

硝态氮是植物吸收利用的主要氮源,其吸收利用是一个高度协调复杂的调控过程。植物为了在各种变化的环境中生存,进化出了适宜不同环境的硝态氮吸收利用机制。植物根系中存在不同类型的硝态氮受体,可以感受外界硝态氮浓度变化,并启用高亲和力或低亲和力硝态氮吸收系统,从而吸收硝态氮;硝态氮进入根系后,大部分被运输到地上部进行同化作用,合成大分子物质,以促进植物生长;如果地上部硝态氮含量过多,植物可把多余的硝态氮运送到液泡内储存,待需要时再从液泡转运至细胞质中利用。植物生长发育过程中,老叶和成熟叶片中的硝态氮可被转运到新生组织中,促进新生组织生长。硝态氮吸收利用过程中大量硝态氮吸收、转运、储存、同化和信号调控基因被有序激活并协调工作,促进植物高效吸收利用硝态氮。本文主要针对NRT1和NRT2硝态氮吸收转运相关基因及其功能,以及参与初级硝态氮反应的相关转录因子和小信号多肽在硝态氮信号传导和组织间的信号交流进行综述,以便深入理解植物吸收利用硝态氮的机理,为高效利用氮素的作物育种和栽培技术的创建提供新的思路。     

人工林内射频信号传输绕射规律分析

为解决无线传感器信号在人工林内传输时节点接收不到信号或通信质量差的问题,该文根据人工林的特点,采用4层独立介质简化方法,将人工林内场强模型简化成自由空间模型、衰减屏模型、吸收屏模型3个独立模型,基于波传播的局部性原理和过渡区一致性劈绕射理论,应用Kirchhoff-Huygens近似,推导了吸收屏绕射场强模型。并以白杨木人工林为采样区域采集数据,将90组实测样本平均分为9组,分别用3种模型计算各组的预测值并与实测值进行t检验,结果表明:绕射场强理论预测t值[0.242,2.193]小于t0.05,无显著性差异,可以用理论预测值代替实测值进行信号的分析和计算,距离越近可信度越高,而经验模型和半经验模型存在显著性差异,不适合用于人工林内绕射场强预测。研究结果为无线传感器网络林内优化布置策略提供了一个新思路,成果也可为林区的其他射频信号通讯技术开发提供理论支撑。     

Effect of Xiaozhongzhitong mixture on vascular regeneration of random flap in rats

AIM To observe the effect of Xiaozhongzhitong （detumescence and relieving pain） mixture on vascular regeneration and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）-Dll4/Notch signaling pathway of random flap in rats. METHODS A total of 240 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： blank group, sham group, model group, Xiaozhongzhitong mixture group （detumescence group）, Xiaozhongzhitong mixture+Notch blocker MK-0752 group （detumescence+MK group） and Xiaozhongzhitong mixture+VEGF receptor inhibitor axitinib group （detumescence+AXI group）. The capillary filling time, the number of new capillaries, the microvascular density, the microvascular diameter and the vascular survival area were observed by HE staining. The serum level of VEGF was measured by ELISA, and the mRNA expression of VEGFA, Notch and Dll4 in rat flap tissues was detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS On the 10th day, compared with model group, the capillary filling time in detumescence group was decreased （P<0.05）. The capillary filling time in detumescence+AXI group was increased compared with detumescence group （P<0.05）. The flap tissue cells inmodel group were disordered and the nucleus was sparse, which showed obvious edema. Compared with model group, the number, diameter and area of microvessels, the serum content of VEGF, and the mRNA expression of VEGFA, Notch and Dll4 were significantly increased in detumescence group （P<0.05）. Compared with detumescence group, the number, density and area of microvessels, the serum content of VEGF, and the mRNA expression of VEGFA, notch and Dll4 was significantly decreased in detumescence+AXI group （P<0.05）. After the intervention with Notch blocker, the mRNA expression of VEGFA was increased, and the mRNA expression of Notch and Dll4 was inhibited （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Xiaozhongzhitong mixture promotes the regeneration of blood vessels and enhances the survival rate of random flap, which may be related to the regulation of VEGF-Dll4/Notch signaling pathways.     

UV-B诱导拟南芥查耳酮合成酶（CHS）基因表达及其信号传导途径

应用RT-PCR技术研究了6个拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）株系的查耳酮合成酶（CHS）基因转录对UV-B照射以及过氧化氢（H2O2）、D/L-NG -一甲基精氨酸（D-NAME、L-NAME）和2-苯基-l-4,4,4,4-四甲基咪唑啉-1-烃氧基-3-氧化物（PTIO）等化合物处理的响应。结果表明，在6个株系中，Fah1-2突变株UV-B伤害最为敏感，而野生型WS2对UV-B伤害耐受力最强；在15 μmol/m2/s UV-B照射2 h，CHS基因转录产物明显增加，但24 h后消失。H2O2对CHS基因转录没有显著作用，D-NAME 和L-NAME能抑制CHS在UV-B照射下表达转录的增加，而PTIO对CHS基因表达的抑制作用很弱。据此认为，CHS基因对UV-B照射响应的表达和转录不受NO和H2O2的调节     

细菌信号传递——TCS系统

双组份调控系统（ＴＣＳ系统）具有信号传递和基因调节两个基本功能。它是细菌学领域研究的热点之一。本文从下述几个方面综述了在ＴＣＳ研究方面已有的共识和一些研究进展：ＴＣＳ系统的组成，信号传递过程，调节蛋白的作用，交叉调控等等。     

花粉管通道法导入外源DNA创造燕麦新种质

采用花粉管途径将不同倍性燕麦以及花生、大豆、小麦等不同作物外源DNA导入裸燕麦早熟品种品二号、中晚熟品种冀张莜四号和晚熟品种冀张莜五号，获得了较为广泛的变异，经过逐代选择鉴定，育成了一批裸燕麦新种质。本研究以GUS报告基因为外源目的基因用同样方法导入燕麦，从其导入一代(GT)中检测出了表达GUS活性的阳性植株。     

The effect of different nitrogen sources on the symbiotic interaction between Sorghum bicolor and Glomus intraradices: Expression of plant and fungal genes involved in nitrogen assimilation

In the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, plants take up part of the nitrogen (N) through a mycorrhizal pathway. In this study, we assessed the effect of different N sources on the expression of genes coding for enzymes and transporters of the mycorrhizal N uptake pathway, using Sorghum bicolor and Glomus intraradices as a model. Some of the genes investigated were differentially regulated in the intraradical and in the extraradical mycelium depending on the N source. In AM roots, some fungal and plant genes were co-regulated, suggesting an interdependence of both partners in the mycorrhizal N uptake pathway. Mycorrhizal N transfer may have a preference for glycine (plant growth and N uptake stimulation).     

Hippo signaling pathway in companion animal diseases,an under investigated signaling cascade

The Hippo pathway is a highly conserved kinase cascade in mammals with the proteins YAP and TAZ as its most important downstream effectors that shuttle between cytoplasma and nucleus. It has a crucial role in processes such as embryogenesis, organ size control, homeostasis and tissue regeneration, where mechanosensing and/or cell-cell interactions are involved. As the pathway is associated with many essential functions in the body, its dysregulation is related to many diseases. In contrast to human pathology, a PubMed-search on Hippo, YAP/TAZ and companion animals (horse, equine, dog, canine, cat, feline) retrieved few publications. Because of its high level of functional conservation, it is anticipated that also in veterinary sciences aberrant Hippo YAP/TAZ signaling would be implicated in animal pathologies. Publications on Hippo YAP/TAZ in companion animals are mainly in cats and dogs and related to oncology. Here, we emphasize the important role of YAP/TAZ in liver diseases. First the liver has a remarkable regeneration capacity and a strict size control and the liver has a moderate liver cell renewal (homeostasis). The last years numerous papers show the importance of YAP/TAZ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatocyte differentiation and bile duct epithelial (BEC) cell survival. YAP/TAZ signaling is involved in activation of hepatic stellate cells crucial in fibrogenesis. The availability of drugs (e.g. verteporfin) targeting the YAP/TAZ pathway are described as is their potential usage in veterinary medicine. The aim of this overview is to stimulate researchers’ and clinicians’ interest in the potential role of Hippo YAP/TAZ signaling in veterinary medicine.